{"id":4813,"date":"2018-03-26T14:45:09","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T11:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/?p=4813"},"modified":"2019-11-15T14:42:43","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T11:42:43","slug":"delete-facebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/delete-facebook\/4813\/","title":{"rendered":"#DeleteFacebook hareketi i\u00e7in neden \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 kald\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"

Facebook, yak\u0131n zamanda hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir skandalla sars\u0131ld\u0131. Medya raporlar\u0131na<\/a> g\u00f6re, 50 milyon Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u201cbe\u011fenilerini\u201d i\u00e7eren veriler, Cambridge Analytica \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan toplanarak \u00f6zel hedefli politik reklamlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Facebook\u2019un bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumu ise halk\u0131n \u00f6fkesini daha da k\u00f6r\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u015firketin sermaye de\u011feri milyarlarca dolar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (\u015fu an biz bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazarken g\u00fcncel de\u011feri 35 milyar dolar) ve bir grup Twitter aktivisti #DeleteFacebook (#FacebookuSil) kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bizim fikrimizi soracak olursan\u0131z; \u00f6ncelikle, bu hareket i\u00e7in biraz ge\u00e7 kald\u0131k, at\u0131 alan \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ti bile. \u0130kinci olarak ise, bize soracak olursan\u0131z, bu olay insanlar\u0131n modern teknolojiye ve bunun getirdi\u011fi zaafiyetlere ne kadar ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.<\/p>\n

Denizde kum, Facebook\u2019ta veri<\/h2>\n

Kronolojiyi inceleyerek ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Her \u015fey, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesinden Wu Youyou ve Stanford \u00dcniversitesinden Michal Kosinski\u2019nin, yine Stanford \u00dcniversitesinden bir e\u015f yazar ile birlikte 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a> ile ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan OCEAN modeline (ba\u015f harfleri ile kelimeyi olu\u015fturan A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, Sorumluluk, D\u0131\u015fa D\u00f6n\u00fckl\u00fck, Uyumluluk ve Duygusal Denge \u00fczerine kurulu be\u015f fakt\u00f6r ki\u015filik kuram\u0131) dayal\u0131 olarak birer ki\u015filik portresi olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 istendi. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, be\u011fenilerini analiz eden Facebook uygulamas\u0131 MyPersonality\u2019i de indirmeleri gerekiyordu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya yakla\u015f\u0131k 86.000 ki\u015fi kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucunda, Web\u2019in insanlar\u0131, insanlar\u0131n kendilerini tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha iyi tan\u0131yor oldu\u011fu temel sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131. Bravo, Sherlock.<\/p>\n

Bu sonu\u00e7lar, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesinde g\u00f6rev yapan, Alexander Kogan<\/a> ismindeki ba\u015fka bir profes\u00f6r\u00fcn de dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Kogan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n ara\u015ft\u0131rma verilerini g\u00f6rmek istedi\u011fi, fakat reddedildi\u011fi bildirildi. Bunun sebebi bilinmiyor; mesleki etik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Facebook ile ya\u015fanmas\u0131 muhtemel yasal sorunlar (ger\u00e7i o noktada resmi olarak herhangi bir kural ihlal edilmemi\u015fti) ya da akademik rekabet olabilir. Sebebi ne olursa olsun, Kogan ya\u015fanan bu durumdan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada, Facebook gizlilik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve varsay\u0131lan ayar olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti uygulamalar\u0131n be\u011fenilere eri\u015fimini engelledi. Fakat Kogan\u2019\u0131n imdad\u0131na kitle kaynaklar\u0131 yeti\u015fti; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Thisisyourdigitallife uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n sunuldu\u011fu Amazon Mechanical Turk\u2019u kulland\u0131. Burada kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, uygulaman\u0131n psikolojik bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya veri sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi konusunda bilgilendiriliyordu ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ki\u015fi olarak da Kogan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131 veriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde belirtilmi\u015fti: M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca fazla say\u0131da Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n be\u011fenilerini inceleyerek elde edilen bilgiler yard\u0131m\u0131yla sosyopsikolojik profiller olu\u015fturmak. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 270.000 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hepsine birer dolar verildi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kendisinde su\u00e7 i\u00e7erikli bir taraf yoktu. Belki g\u00f6ze batacak tek nokta, b\u00fct\u00e7e konusuydu; zira 270.000 dolar bir psikolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in biraz u\u00e7 bir rakamd\u0131 ve bu mebla\u011f\u0131 Cambridge profes\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kendi cebinden vermi\u015f olmas\u0131 da pek olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Fakar bu veriler, pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bulunmaz madendi; hem de bu, yaln\u0131zca ticari \u015firketler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, siyasi partiler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erliydi. Siyasi fig\u00fcrlerin t\u0131pk\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn gibi (hedef kitle tercihlerine dayal\u0131 olarak) kitlelere pazarlanmas\u0131 fikri, Stanley Milgram\u2019\u0131n me\u015fhur sosyopsikolojik deneylerinden beri bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n

Milgram, pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha \u00e7ok Kuzey Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Milgram muhtemelen teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle aram\u0131zdaki ba\u011f\u0131n daha da kuvvetlenece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Fakat y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n verilerine ula\u015fan biri olarak o bile, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n (Cambridge Analytica\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan yeni su\u00e7lamalara g\u00f6re) bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bir \u015fekilde esas kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczlerce kat\u0131 kadar ki\u015fiye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edemezdi.<\/p>\n

Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan detay ise \u015fuydu; ara\u015ft\u0131rma kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, kendi be\u011feni bilgilerine eri\u015fim i\u00e7in izin verirken ayn\u0131 zamanda Facebook arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n be\u011fenilerini de ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya sunmu\u015f oluyordu. B\u00f6ylece verileri toplanan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131, 50 milyonu buldu.<\/p>\n

Peki Cambridge Analytica 50 milyon profilin bilgilerini nas\u0131l ele ge\u00e7irdi?<\/h2>\n

Cambridge\u2019deki bir \u015firket, Kogan\u2019\u0131n kobaylar\u0131na nas\u0131l sahip oldu, bu da apayr\u0131 bir hikaye. Cambridge Analytica, SCL (Strategic Communications Laboratories) adl\u0131 ileti\u015fim \u015firketinin veri i\u015fleme \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir alt kurulu\u015fu.<\/p>\n

Detaylar, kaynaktan kayna\u011fa de\u011fi\u015fiyor: Kimileri Kogan\u2019\u0131n SCL\u2019nin kurucu ortaklar\u0131ndan oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, kimileri de yaln\u0131zca \u015firket i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan biri oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor. Ticari \u015firketler, sosyolojik ve psikolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f kaynak olarak \u00fcniversitelerden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 al\u0131r; bu, standart bir uygulamad\u0131r. Fakat bu gibi durumlarda, \u00fcniversiteler (neredeyse) hi\u00e7bir zaman ara\u015ft\u0131rma kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel verilerini, ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 isteyen kurum ile payla\u015fmaz, yaln\u0131zca anonim istatistik bilgileri payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Facebook\u2019a g\u00f6re ise olaylar \u015fu \u015fekilde geli\u015fti<\/a>: Sosyal medya devi olan \u015firket, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda SCL\/Cambridge Analytica\u2019n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini fark eder etmez bu verilerin hemen silinmesini talep etti. Fakat Facebook\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama , \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015fen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ikna etmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131; bu y\u00fczden \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyen #DeleteFacebook<\/a> hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hikayenin pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6ncelikle, ortada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir akademi rekabet dalgas\u0131 var; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00f6rnek hacmi konusunda birbirini ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadele ediyor. \u0130kinci olarak ise, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar ile yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmi\u015f olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor; bu ki\u015filer b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle (Facebook arkada\u015flar\u0131 ise kesinlikle) verilerinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc partilere verilece\u011finden bihaberdi. Son olarak, Facebook\u2019un da \u015f\u00fcpheli hareketleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bu olaydan nas\u0131l bir ders \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n

Biz kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in, bu olay bir uyan\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011finde. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n nihayet sosyal medyadaki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendilerini de\u011fil, etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7tikleri herkesi etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6rebilmesi i\u00e7in bunu gibi daha ka\u00e7 olay ya\u015fanmas\u0131 gerek? GetContact<\/a>, MyPersonality ve Thisisyourdigitallife gibi uygulamalar ortal\u0131kta dola\u015f\u0131rken, herhangi bir \u015feye t\u0131klamadan \u00f6nce iki kere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Fakat sosyal medya cini art\u0131k lambadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve onu tekrar i\u00e7eri hapsetmenin bir yolu yok. \u0130nsanlara sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 silmeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunmak, art\u0131k elindeki bilgileri iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce i\u015fine yarayan her \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f olan bir analiz \u015firketiyle t\u00fcm anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sonland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ilan etmek kadar ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir hareket.<\/p>\n

Bizim verilerimize g\u00f6re<\/a>, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n %78\u2019i sosyal medya al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kurtulmak istiyor, fakat yapam\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131n %62\u2019si, sosyal medyan\u0131n aileleri ve arkada\u015flar\u0131yla irtibatta kalmay\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Dahas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n Facebook da dahil olmak \u00fczere sosyal medyada kendileriyle ilgili ne kadar fazla bilgi (video, foto\u011fraf, mesaj) payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda en ufak bir fikri bile yok.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Facebook, yak\u0131n zamanda hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir skandalla sars\u0131ld\u0131. Medya raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 50 milyon Facebook kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n “be\u011fenilerini” i\u00e7eren veriler, Cambridge Analytica \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan toplanarak \u00f6zel hedefli politik reklamlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Facebook’un bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumu ise halk\u0131n \u00f6fkesini daha da k\u00f6r\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2279,"featured_media":4814,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[994,1287],"tags":[1582,1583,1585,20,1083,716,1584],"class_list":{"0":"post-4813","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-privacy","8":"category-news","9":"tag-big-data","10":"tag-camridge-analytica","11":"tag-deletefacebook","12":"tag-facebook","13":"tag-ffforget","14":"tag-sosyal-medya","15":"tag-veri-toplama"},"hreflang":[{"hreflang":"tr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/delete-facebook\/4813\/"},{"hreflang":"en-ae","url":"https:\/\/me-en.kaspersky.com\/blog\/delete-facebook\/10769\/"},{"hreflang":"en-us","url":"https:\/\/usa.kaspersky.com\/blog\/delete-facebook\/15036\/"},{"hreflang":"es-mx","url":"https:\/\/latam.kaspersky.com\/blog\/delete-facebook\/12687\/"},{"hreflang":"es","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.es\/blog\/delete-facebook\/15596\/"},{"hreflang":"it","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.it\/blog\/delete-facebook\/15217\/"},{"hreflang":"ru","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.ru\/blog\/delete-facebook\/19988\/"},{"hreflang":"x-default","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/blog\/delete-facebook\/21772\/"},{"hreflang":"fr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.fr\/blog\/delete-facebook\/10145\/"},{"hreflang":"pt-br","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.br\/blog\/delete-facebook\/10197\/"},{"hreflang":"pl","url":"https:\/\/plblog.kaspersky.com\/delete-facebook\/9110\/"},{"hreflang":"de","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.de\/blog\/delete-facebook\/16169\/"},{"hreflang":"ja","url":"https:\/\/blog.kaspersky.co.jp\/delete-facebook\/19911\/"},{"hreflang":"en-au","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.au\/blog\/delete-facebook\/19925\/"},{"hreflang":"en-za","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.za\/blog\/delete-facebook\/19955\/"}],"acf":[],"banners":"","maintag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/tag\/facebook\/","name":"Facebook"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2279"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4813"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6952,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4813\/revisions\/6952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}