{"id":6439,"date":"2019-09-19T12:20:17","date_gmt":"2019-09-19T09:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/?p=6439"},"modified":"2019-11-15T14:24:11","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T11:24:11","slug":"internet-in-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/internet-in-space\/6439\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzayda internet: Mars&#8217;ta internet var m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nternet art\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesine ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcstelik bu durum yaln\u0131zca gezegenin y\u00fczeyiyle de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. U\u00e7akta \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olmak, yenili\u011fini \u00e7oktan kaybetti. Art\u0131k Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019nun bile internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 var. Uzay ke\u015fif kurulu\u015flar\u0131, i\u015fi bir ad\u0131m daha ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek g\u00fcne\u015f sistemimizdeki di\u011fer gezegenleri de internete ba\u011fl\u0131 hale getirmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Uzay interneti yaln\u0131zca i\u015f ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor; D\u00fcnyam\u0131zdan \u00e7ok uzaktaki ki\u015filerin evleriyle ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu yaz\u0131da uzay internetinin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gelecekte nas\u0131l geli\u015fece\u011fini ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>UU\u0130\u2019de WWW<\/h2>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu personeli ilk defa 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/home\/hqnews\/2010\/jan\/HQ_M10-012_ISS_Web.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">internete eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131<\/a>. Eri\u015fim hizmeti NASA taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011fland\u0131. Astronotlar, Houston\u2019daki bir bilgisayara bir uydu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla uzaktan masa\u00fcst\u00fc modunda ba\u011flanarak \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oldular. Bu daha g\u00fcvenli bir y\u00f6ntemdi: Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu personelinden biri k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 veya dosya a\u00e7sa bile yaln\u0131zca yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki bilgisayar zarar g\u00f6recekti.<\/p>\n<p>NASA astronotu T.J. Creamer, Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019na internetin geli\u015fini, uzaydan yard\u0131ms\u0131z ilk tweet\u2019i atarak kutlad\u0131:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Hello Twitterverse! We r now LIVE tweeting from the International Space Station \u2014 the 1st live tweet from Space! \ud83d\ude42 More soon, send your ?s<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 TJ Creamer (@Astro_TJ) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Astro_TJ\/status\/8062317551?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">January 22, 2010<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>Rus uzay interneti<\/h3>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130syonu\u2019nun yak\u0131nda birden fazla internet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor: Rusya da istasyonun kendine ait b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yak\u0131nda internete ba\u011flamaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. G\u00f6rev, Luch r\u00f6le uydular\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir a\u011f ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek; bu a\u011f \u015fu anda y\u00fckseltiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l, kozmonotlar Alexander Misurkin ve Anton Shkaplerov daha fazla uydu verisi alabilmesi i\u00e7in UU\u0130 anteninde bir y\u00fckseltme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada ara\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi alan\u0131nda 8 saat 12 dakika ile <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/39583-cosmonauts-break-russian-spacewalk-time-record.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Rusya ad\u0131na yeni bir rekor k\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Roscosmos s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc kozmonot Sergey Krikalev\u2019e g\u00f6re, <a href=\"https:\/\/ria.ru\/20190411\/1552575394.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">yeni ekipman test edildi<\/a> bile; UU\u0130 yak\u0131nda Luch uydular\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olacak.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6441\" src=\"https:\/\/media.kasperskydaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/91\/2019\/09\/18152815\/internet-in-space-iss-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1460\" height=\"1000\"><\/p>\n<h2>Uydu aksakl\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Elbette Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndaki internet, evlerimizdeki internet gibi h\u0131zl\u0131 ve gecikmesiz de\u011fil. Uydu ileti\u015fiminin kablolu teknolojilere k\u0131yasla (kablolar\u0131n kullan\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flama gibi) baz\u0131 avantajlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar, zorluklar\u0131 da var.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00fcksek ping, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131z<\/h3>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu 400 km (yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 mil) y\u00fckseklikte y\u00f6r\u00fcngede olsa da, veri D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7ok daha fazla yol katediyor. UU\u0130, sinyali \u00f6nce yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden 35.786 km (22.000 mil) y\u00fckseklikteki r\u00f6le uydusuna g\u00f6nderiyor. Sinyal yaln\u0131zca oradan yerdeki uzay ileti\u015fim istasyonuna g\u00f6nderilebiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan verinin ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen yan\u0131t sinyalinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam yol, neredeyse 150.000 km\u2019yi (100.000 mil) buluyor. Bu da zaman al\u0131yor. Bir NASA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131na g\u00f6re, UU\u0130 ile <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/How-fast-is-the-Internet-on-the-ISS-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin iletim gecikme s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m saniye<\/a>, yani ortalama kablo ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gecikme s\u00fcresinden <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pingman.com\/kb\/article\/what-s-normal-for-latency-and-packet-loss-42.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 kat fazla<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Buna ek olarak, astronotlar uydu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na yaln\u0131zca internet i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duymuyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel verileri ve video i\u00e7eriklerini g\u00f6rev kontrol merkezine g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in de bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar (ard\u0131ndan yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki meslekta\u015flar\u0131 bu veri ve i\u00e7erikleri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/quora\/2017\/02\/13\/what-it-takes-for-the-international-space-station-to-stream-video-to-the-internet\/#4da5b4f36b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">internette yay\u0131nl\u0131yor<\/a>; b\u00f6ylece kullan\u0131c\u0131lar Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndaki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/multimedia\/nasatv\/iss_ustream.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">hayat\u0131 ve buradan manzaralar\u0131 takip edebiliyor<\/a>). Ayn\u0131 uydu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, D\u00fcnya ile UU\u0130 sakinleri aras\u0131ndaki sesli ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc aramalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini de sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n sonucunda bant geni\u015fli\u011finin yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tweet atmak ve internette gezinmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labiliyor. Dahas\u0131, uydunun yer ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 300 mbps geni\u015fli\u011finde olsa da, uyduya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u011flant\u0131 25 mbps ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 h\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk modemlerle k\u0131yaslayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar yetmezmi\u015f gibi, istasyon zaman zaman uydu kapsama alan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her 1,5 saat i\u00e7inde 15 dakikaya kadar tamamen <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ISS-Mimic\/Mimic\/wiki\/ISS-Telemetry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">kapsama alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabiliyor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 yak\u0131t<\/h3>\n<p>Uydular, D\u00fcnya ile kesintisiz ileti\u015fimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in D\u00fcnya ile <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly90ci53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSmVvc3RhdGlrX3klQzMlQjZyJUMzJUJDbmdl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ayn\u0131 h\u0131zda d\u00f6nerek<\/a> s\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 noktada kal\u0131yorlar. Ancak uydular\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lmaz hale gelmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in zaman zaman y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Manevralar, yak\u0131t kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. \u00d6te yandan uydular, arabalar ve u\u00e7aklar gibi olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yak\u0131t doldurmak i\u00e7in D\u00fcnya\u2019ya gidip gelemiyorlar.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan \u015firketler bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in uydu yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/satellite-refuel-space-orbit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">uzayda<\/a> yeniden doldurabilmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye yak\u0131t ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 hedefleyen sistemler, UU\u0130\u2019nin ABD b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Kanadal\u0131 MDA Corporation ve Britanya \u2013 \u0130srail ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda faaliyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Effective Space Solutions taraf\u0131ndan test ediliyor. Avrupa Uzay Ajans\u0131 (ESA) ise, D\u00fcnya atmosferinin \u00fcst katmanlar\u0131ndaki hava molek\u00fcllerini yak\u0131t olarak kullanabilen bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Engineering_Technology\/World-first_firing_of_air-breathing_electric_thruster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">motor geli\u015ftirdi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Elektrik enerjisindeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Yak\u0131t sorunu, yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltan ve g\u00fcne\u015f panelleriyle yenilenebilir olan elektrik enerjisini kullanarak k\u0131smen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Elektrik, D\u00fcnya\u2019yla ve di\u011fer uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in de gereklidir. Fakat bazen gezegenimiz, uydularla G\u00fcne\u015f aras\u0131na giriyor; bu y\u00fczden k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kapasiteye sahip pillerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>Rus bilim insanlar\u0131, \u015farj\u0131 biten uydular\u0131 \u015farj edecek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militaryaerospace.com\/power\/article\/14038082\/laser-satellites-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">birka\u00e7 d\u00fczine robotun y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye yerle\u015ftirilmesini<\/a> i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerdi. Robotlar hem g\u00fcne\u015f emisyonundan hem de D\u00fcnya\u2019dan gelen radyo iletimlerinden elektrik sa\u011flayacak. Bu teknoloji, uzay arac\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc 1,5 kat art\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda fazla pilleri ve g\u00fcne\u015f panellerini ortadan kald\u0131rarak ara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha hafif hale getirecek.<\/p>\n<h3>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma<\/h3>\n<p>Daima tam kapasiteyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uzay repet\u00f6rleri ve r\u00f6le uydular\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki uzayda hava olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki bilgisayarlar\u0131 serinletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan fanlar i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden, uzay, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha so\u011fuk olsa da, \u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok daha zorlu bir problem haline geliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar halinde emisyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren b\u00fcy\u00fck radyat\u00f6rler kullan\u0131yor. Uydu ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyse, serinletme i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu radyat\u00f6r de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oluyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yeni nesil 25 kW\u2019l\u0131k ileti\u015fim uydular\u0131n\u0131 so\u011futmak i\u00e7in 4 x 1 m\u2019lik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir <a href=\"https:\/\/artes.esa.int\/news\/new-heat-dissipater-keeps-satellites-cool-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">radyat\u00f6r<\/a> yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>Kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar<\/h3>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir sorun da, elektrikli her \u015feyi bozan kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde gezegenin manyetik alan\u0131 ve atmosferi koruma sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Fakat y\u00f6r\u00fcngede b\u00f6yle bir koruma bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki elektronik bile\u015fenler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvUmFkaWF0aW9uX2hhcmRlbmluZw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">radyasyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/a> olacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131yor; buna ra\u011fmen radyasyon, uydular i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir sorun te\u015fkil etmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kozmonot Pavel Vinogradov\u2019a g\u00f6re diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar, Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019nda mod\u00fcllerin \u00e7ok iyi korunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/376309\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">h\u0131zla servis d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalabiliyor<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tested.com\/science\/space\/455640-how-cosmic-rays-damage-camera-sensors-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Kameralar<\/a> da durumdan olumsuz etkileniyor: G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler \u00f6l\u00fc piksellerle dolu hale geliyor. Bunlara ek olarak radyasyon, uydular\u0131n yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sinyalleri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly90ci53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvVXpheV9oYXZhcyVDNCVCMQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engelliyor<\/a> ve istasyondaki cihazlar\u0131n bireysel bellek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine zarar verebiliyor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6442\" src=\"https:\/\/media.kasperskydaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/91\/2019\/09\/18153057\/internet-in-space-iss-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1460\" height=\"960\"><\/p>\n<h2>Radyasyon, kriptografiye kar\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Radyasyon, D\u00fcnya ile bir\u00e7ok uzay arac\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin \u015fifrelenmeden yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinden biri. Radyasyon, \u015fifreleme anahtar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan depolama alan\u0131na zarar verdi\u011fi takdirde ileti\u015fim kesilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sorun, UU\u0130 personelinin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00f6le uydular\u0131 i\u00e7in bu kadar ciddi de\u011fil; bu uydular bir \u015fekilde korunuyor. Ancak D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok uzay arac\u0131 i\u00e7in durum b\u00f6yle de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>Uydular t\u0131pk\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki bilgisayarlar gibi potansiyel sald\u0131r\u0131 hedefleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015fifreleme yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 hassas bir konu. Avrupa Uzay Ajans\u0131 yak\u0131n zaman \u00f6nce bu durumu iyile\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/spaceinimages\/Images\/2019\/07\/Cryptography_ICE_Cube_experiment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">deney ba\u015flatt\u0131<\/a>. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, uydularla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifreli ileti\u015fimi uygun bir fiyata s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in iki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 test ediyor.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Donan\u0131ma ikinci bir yedek taban anahtar\u0131 ekleniyor. Ana anahtar zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde sistem, ikincil anahtar\u0131 baz alarak yeni bir anahtar olu\u015fturuyor. Ancak yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da anahtar olu\u015fturulabiliyor.<\/li>\n<li>Birbirinin ayn\u0131 bir\u00e7ok mikro i\u015flemci \u00e7ekirdek. \u00c7ekirdeklerden biri ar\u0131zalan\u0131rsa ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ekirdek devreye giriyor. Bu s\u0131rada ar\u0131zal\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek, yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 geri y\u00fckleyerek kendini tamir ediyor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntemleri test edecek olan ara\u00e7 Nisan 2019\u2019da Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019na g\u00f6nderildi ve en az bir y\u0131l boyunca aral\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc nispeten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli hale getiren standart Raspberry Pi Zero mini bilgisayarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Uydularla ileti\u015fimin y\u0131llar alacak bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten \u00f6nce g\u00fcvenli hale gelebilmesi beklenmiyor, fakat halihaz\u0131rda uzaya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f sistemleri y\u00fckseltmenin kolay bir yolu yok.<\/p>\n<h2>Mars interneti<\/h2>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 uydu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSW50ZXJwbGFuZXRhcnlfSW50ZXJuZXQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">gezegenler aras\u0131 internet<\/a> yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken sorunlar pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan UU\u0130 personelinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlarla ayn\u0131; fakat bu sorunlar \u00f6l\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Mars\u2019\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya g\u00f6re konumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir sinyalin k\u0131z\u0131l gezegene ula\u015fmas\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mars-one.com\/faq\/technology\/how-does-the-mars-base-communicate-with-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">3 ila 22 dakika<\/a> al\u0131yor. Bu, Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu\u2019ndaki yar\u0131m saniyelik gecikmenin \u00e7ok \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde. Buna ek olarak, Mars ve D\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ileti\u015fim, her iki y\u0131lda bir G\u00fcne\u015f iki gezegenin aras\u0131na girerek sinyalleri bloke etti\u011fi i\u00e7in<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mars-one.com\/faq\/technology\/how-does-the-mars-base-communicate-with-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"> iki haftal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kesiliyor.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6443\" src=\"https:\/\/media.kasperskydaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/91\/2019\/09\/19103034\/internet-in-space-mars-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1460\" height=\"900\"><\/p>\n<p>Uzay internetinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc baz\u0131 benzersiz \u00f6zellikleri de var. A\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri s\u00fcrekli hareket halinde. Bu ko\u015fullarda yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki internet teknolojileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bilim insanlar\u0131 D\u00fcnya, Ay, Mars ve di\u011fer gezegenler aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in alternatif d\u00fczenlemeler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/328040351_Future_Architecture_of_the_Interplanetary_Internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">geli\u015ftiriyor<\/a>. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u015funlara dayan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Uzun gecikmelerle, y\u00fcksek hata oranlar\u0131yla ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere s\u0131kl\u0131kla eri\u015filememesiyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilecek \u015fekilde tasarlanan NASA\u2019n\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/dtn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gecikme\/Kesinti Toleransl\u0131 A\u011f\u0131 (DTN)<\/a> gibi veri transferi protokolleri. Bu modele g\u00f6re arac\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, uydular), bir sonraki veriyi iletebilecek hale gelene kadar \u00f6nceki veriyi depoluyor.<\/li>\n<li>Mevcut radyo temelli uydu ileti\u015fimi yerine optik veri transferi teknolojilerini (\u00f6r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/tdm\/lcrd\/overview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">lazer<\/a>) kullanmak. Birincisi, optik ileti\u015fim bant geni\u015fli\u011finin birka\u00e7 kat\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor. \u0130kincisi, optik vericiler ve al\u0131c\u0131lar daha kompakt birer yap\u0131ya sahip ve t\u00fcm r\u00f6le uydular\u0131nda kritik olan enerjiye daha az ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor.<\/li>\n<li>Uydu d\u00fczenlemeleri, D\u00fcnya ve Mars (veya uzay internetine ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer gezegenler) G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in iki z\u0131t taraf\u0131nda olsa bile sinyal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/ellistalton\/2018\/09\/06\/communications-infrastructure-on-mars-could-be-the-envy-of-earth\/#39d1a5883706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">g\u00f6nderebiliyor<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Gelecek, g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha yak\u0131n<\/h3>\n<p>G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi, Mars veya Ay sakinleriyle sosyal a\u011flarda ileti\u015fim kurmak, hatta g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc konu\u015fma yapmak, eskiden g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar u\u00e7uk fikirler de\u011fil. Elbette insan\u0131n interneti uzay\u0131n derinliklerine ta\u015f\u0131yabilmek i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok yol katetmesi laz\u0131m, ama ilk ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131 bile.<\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"category_for_banner\" value=\"earth2050\">\n<p>Teknoloji ve sanat konular\u0131ndaki videolar\u0131yla bilinen Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6zcan\u2019\u0131n, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131yla ilgili yap\u0131lan tahminleri de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi <a href=\"https:\/\/2050.earth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Earth 2050<\/a> projesinin videosuna g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe class=\"youtube-player\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rt3ZthtLbWQ?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonu&#8217;nda internet var m\u0131, neye benziyor ve Mars&#8217;tan bir mesaj almak ne kadar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor? Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin a\u011flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2049,"featured_media":6440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[995],"tags":[943,777,794,878,2013,2012,2011],"class_list":{"0":"post-6439","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-technology","8":"tag-gelecek","9":"tag-internet","10":"tag-sifreleme","11":"tag-teknoloji","12":"tag-uluslararasi-uzay-istasyonu","13":"tag-uydular","14":"tag-uzay"},"hreflang":[{"hreflang":"tr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/internet-in-space\/6439\/"},{"hreflang":"en-in","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.in\/blog\/internet-in-space\/16650\/"},{"hreflang":"en-ae","url":"https:\/\/me-en.kaspersky.com\/blog\/internet-in-space\/14043\/"},{"hreflang":"ar","url":"https:\/\/me.kaspersky.com\/blog\/internet-in-space\/6508\/"},{"hreflang":"en-us","url":"https:\/\/usa.kaspersky.com\/blog\/internet-in-space\/18618\/"},{"hreflang":"en-gb","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.uk\/blog\/internet-in-space\/16690\/"},{"hreflang":"es-mx","url":"https:\/\/latam.kaspersky.com\/blog\/internet-in-space\/15359\/"},{"hreflang":"es","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.es\/blog\/internet-in-space\/19305\/"},{"hreflang":"it","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.it\/blog\/internet-in-space\/18011\/"},{"hreflang":"ru","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.ru\/blog\/internet-in-space\/23638\/"},{"hreflang":"x-default","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/blog\/internet-in-space\/28267\/"},{"hreflang":"fr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.fr\/blog\/internet-in-space\/12313\/"},{"hreflang":"de","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.de\/blog\/internet-in-space\/20704\/"},{"hreflang":"zh","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.cn\/blog\/internet-in-space\/10179\/"},{"hreflang":"ja","url":"https:\/\/blog.kaspersky.co.jp\/internet-in-space\/24028\/"},{"hreflang":"nl","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.nl\/blog\/internet-in-space\/24260\/"},{"hreflang":"ru-kz","url":"https:\/\/blog.kaspersky.kz\/internet-in-space\/19077\/"},{"hreflang":"en-au","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.au\/blog\/internet-in-space\/23372\/"},{"hreflang":"en-za","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.za\/blog\/internet-in-space\/23284\/"}],"acf":[],"banners":"","maintag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/tag\/teknoloji\/","name":"teknoloji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2049"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6439"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6727,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6439\/revisions\/6727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}