{"id":7536,"date":"2020-01-14T11:03:33","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T08:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/?p=7536"},"modified":"2020-01-14T11:03:33","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T08:03:33","slug":"memory-effects-awareness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/7536\/","title":{"rendered":"Daha iyi \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt teori"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Personele daha \u00f6nce bilgi g\u00fcvenli\u011fine dair temel bilgileri vermeyi denediyseniz bunun ne kadar zorlu bir i\u015f oldu\u011funu biliyorsunuzdur. BT\u2019ye yabanc\u0131 olanlar, konuyla ilgili yeni bilgileri anlamada sorun ya\u015fayabiliyor ve bu bilgileri \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk unutabiliyorlar. Ayr\u0131ca, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 her zaman anlayamayabiliyorlar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak e\u011fitim her zaman etkili olmuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Etkili e\u011fitim ve e\u011fitimde edinilen bilgileri koruma, kurumsal siber g\u00fcvenlik zincirindeki kritik ba\u011flant\u0131lard\u0131r. Di\u011fer e\u011fitim alanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi siber g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitiminde de bellek psikolojisi, yani bilinen ezber ve bilgiyi yeniden \u00fcretme \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte \u00f6\u011frenilen bilgilerin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilecek d\u00f6rt yararl\u0131 ipucu:<\/p>\n<h2>Ebbinghaus Unutma E\u011frisi<\/h2>\n<p>Psikolog Hermann Ebbinghaus, insanlar\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgilerin %60 kadar\u0131n\u0131 ilk bir saat i\u00e7erisinde unuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly90ci53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvVW51dG1hX0UlQzQlOUZyaXNp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">koymu\u015ftur<\/a>. \u00d6\u011frenme oturumundan on saat sonra bellek, verilerin %35\u2019ini tutar. Alt\u0131 g\u00fcn sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019si kal\u0131r ve bu noktadan itibaren e\u011fri sabit hale gelir; yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay sonra da bilginin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bu kadar\u0131 hat\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ebbinghaus, ezberlenen malzemeyi tekrarlaman\u0131n unutkanl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha fazla tekrarlaman\u0131n daha fazla bilgi tutmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in deneylerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Biz buradan, yeni bilgiyi sadece bir kez vermenin do\u011fru bir e\u011fitim i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yoruz. Bilgiyi ezberlemenin en iyi yolu, Ebbinghaus\u2019un deneylerine dayanarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi kullanarak tekrarlamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>An\u0131msama etkisi<\/h2>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir deneysel psikolog olan Philip Ballard ise insanlar\u0131n bilgiyi \u00f6\u011frendikten iki ila \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, bilgiyi \u00f6\u011frendikten hemen sonrakine g\u00f6re daha iyi hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvUmVtaW5pc2NlbmNl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ke\u015ffetti<\/a>. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deney \u00e7ok basitti: Deneye kat\u0131lanlara ezberlemeleri i\u00e7in baz\u0131 materyaller vererek \u00f6nce hemen, ard\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra tekrar ne hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemelerini istedi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n dersten hemen sonra s\u0131nava tabi tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermiyoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>Ket Vurma etkisi<\/h2>\n<p>Tabii ki, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara bilmeleri gereken her \u015feyi tek bir derste verebilmek harika olurdu. Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki b\u00f6yle bir ders \u00e7ok da etkili olmayacakt\u0131r. \u0130nsan haf\u0131zas\u0131na tek seferde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek bilgiler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; psikologlar bu fenomeni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikizeroo.org\/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSW50ZXJmZXJlbmNlX3RoZW9yeQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ket Vurma<\/a> olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6\u011frenme materyalleri, birbirlerine ket vurmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in biraz aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak verilmelidir. Eski bilgiler, yeni bilgilerin depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir veya yeni bilgiler, \u00f6\u011frencilerin eski bilgileri unutmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 konulardaki dersler aras\u0131nda aral\u0131k b\u0131rakman\u0131n iyi bir fikir oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>Seri Konum etkisi<\/h2>\n<p>Herhangi bir uyaran serisindeki ilk ve son maddeler en iyi \u015fekilde hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bizim i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan bu etkinin metin, video, hatta i\u015f mektuplar\u0131 dahil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenme materyali i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. En \u00f6nemli bilgiler dersin ba\u015f\u0131nda veya sonuna yak\u0131n verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, ders duygusal tetikleyiciler i\u00e7eriyorsa bu etki normal olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bu durumda hat\u0131rlama ki\u015fiseldir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal olarak meslekta\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z, her boyutta \u015firketin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na siber g\u00fcvenlik becerileri kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011fi Kaspersky Automated Security Awareness Platform (ASAP) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yarat\u0131rken, davran\u0131\u015f psikolojisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bilgi al\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenme teorilerine de ba\u015fvurdu. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/small-to-medium-business-security\/security-awareness-platform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">platformunun web sitesi<\/a> \u00fczerinden kullanmaya ba\u015flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 e\u011fitirken do\u011fru bilgileri vermek yeterli de\u011fildir; onlar\u0131n da bu bilgileri sindirip hat\u0131rlamalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2499,"featured_media":7537,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1726,1194],"tags":[1270,1376,2088],"class_list":{"0":"post-7536","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-enterprise","8":"category-business","9":"tag-egitim","10":"tag-farkindalik","11":"tag-siber-guvenlik-bilinci"},"hreflang":[{"hreflang":"tr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/7536\/"},{"hreflang":"en-in","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.in\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/18377\/"},{"hreflang":"en-ae","url":"https:\/\/me-en.kaspersky.com\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/15251\/"},{"hreflang":"ar","url":"https:\/\/me.kaspersky.com\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/7340\/"},{"hreflang":"en-us","url":"https:\/\/usa.kaspersky.com\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/20130\/"},{"hreflang":"en-gb","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.uk\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/18438\/"},{"hreflang":"es-mx","url":"https:\/\/latam.kaspersky.com\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/16863\/"},{"hreflang":"es","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.es\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/20861\/"},{"hreflang":"it","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.it\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/19630\/"},{"hreflang":"ru","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.ru\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/26009\/"},{"hreflang":"x-default","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/32027\/"},{"hreflang":"pt-br","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.br\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/13872\/"},{"hreflang":"pl","url":"https:\/\/plblog.kaspersky.com\/memory-effects-awareness\/12630\/"},{"hreflang":"de","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.de\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/21873\/"},{"hreflang":"nl","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.nl\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/24814\/"},{"hreflang":"ru-kz","url":"https:\/\/blog.kaspersky.kz\/memory-effects-awareness\/20818\/"},{"hreflang":"en-au","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.au\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/25662\/"},{"hreflang":"en-za","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.za\/blog\/memory-effects-awareness\/25493\/"}],"acf":[],"banners":"","maintag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/tag\/farkindalik\/","name":"fark\u0131ndal\u0131k"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2499"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7536"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7538,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7536\/revisions\/7538"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}