{"id":7900,"date":"2020-03-16T12:48:41","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T09:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/?p=7900"},"modified":"2020-03-16T12:48:41","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T09:48:41","slug":"rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/7900\/","title":{"rendered":"Deepfake&#8217;lerin etkisi nas\u0131l azalt\u0131l\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Deepfake\u2019ler, yapay zeka alan\u0131ndaki son geli\u015fmelerin talihsiz bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Makine \u00f6\u011frenimi algoritmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen sahte medya son y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok fazla ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Alyssa Miller\u2019\u0131n 2020 RSA Konferans\u0131\u2019ndaki <a href=\"https:\/\/published-prd.lanyonevents.com\/published\/rsaus20\/sessionsFiles\/17299\/2020_USA20_SBX1-W5_01_Losing-Our-Reality-How-Deepfakes-Threaten-Businesses-and-Global-Markets.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ger\u00e7e\u011fimizi Kaybetme<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131, neden art\u0131k deepfake\u2019i bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6rmenin zaman\u0131 geldi\u011fini (se\u00e7im y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131raksak bile) ve i\u015fletmenizin bu \u015fekilde sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131 durumunda hasar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in neler yapabilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 bilgiler veriyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Deepfake\u2019ler nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/h2>\n<p>Deepfake olu\u015fturmaya y\u00f6nelik en yayg\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m, GAN ad\u0131 verilen bir sistem veya \u00fcretken \u00e7eki\u015fmeli a\u011f kullanmakt\u0131r. GAN\u2019lar birbirleriyle rekabet eden iki derin n\u00f6ral a\u011fdan olu\u015fur. Haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in her iki a\u011f da ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle e\u011fitilir. Ard\u0131ndan \u00e7eki\u015fmeli k\u0131s\u0131m ba\u015flar; bir a\u011f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00fcretir (bu nedenle <em>\u00fcretici<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r), di\u011feri ise g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn orijinal veya sahte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r (ikinci a\u011fa <em>ayr\u0131mc\u0131<\/em> denir).<\/p>\n<p>Bunun sonucunda \u00fcretici a\u011f, sonu\u00e7tan faydalanarak \u00f6\u011frenir. Bu s\u0131rada ayr\u0131mc\u0131 a\u011f ise performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir. Her d\u00f6ng\u00fcde, her iki a\u011f da gitgide iyile\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir milyon e\u011fitim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden sonras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn: \u00dcretken n\u00f6ral a\u011f, e\u015fit derecede geli\u015fmi\u015f bir n\u00f6ral a\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olandan ay\u0131rt edemedi\u011fi sahte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem asl\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok uygulama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r; haz\u0131rl\u0131k verilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00fcretici a\u011f belirli t\u00fcrden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler \u00fcretmeyi \u00f6\u011frenir.<\/p>\n<p>Tabii ki, s\u00f6z konusu \u015fey deepfake\u2019ler oldu\u011funda, algoritma belirli ki\u015filerin ger\u00e7ek foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00fczerinde e\u011fitilir ve bir videoya entegre edilmeye haz\u0131r olan ki\u015finin sonsuz say\u0131da ikna edici (ancak sahte) foto\u011fraf olu\u015fturabilen bir a\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar. Benzer y\u00f6ntemler sahte ses de \u00fcretebilir; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/machine-learning-fake-voice\/6530\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla deepfake ses de kullan\u0131yor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130kna edici deepfake\u2019ler nas\u0131l meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130lk deepfake videolar\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu; ancak teknoloji bu noktada medyan\u0131n korkutucu bir \u015fekilde ikna edici olabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterince geli\u015fti. 2018\u2019deki korkutucu derecede ikna edici deepfake\u2019lerin en dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6rneklerinden biri, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cQ54GDm1eL0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Barack Obama\u2019n\u0131n deepfake\u2019lerden bahsetti\u011fi<\/a> (art\u0131 \u015fimdiki ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hakaretleri i\u00e7eren) bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyd\u00fc. 2019\u2019un ortalar\u0131nda ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/ByaVigGFP2U\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">sahte Mark Zuckerberg\u2019\u00fcn k\u0131sa bir videode<\/a> mevcut gizlilik durumu hakk\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 izledik.<\/p>\n<p>Teknolojinin ne kadar iyi oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki videoyu izlemeniz yeterli. Empresyonist Jim Meskimen, bu videoyu deepfake sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Sham00k ile birlikte yaratt\u0131. Meskimen seslerden sorumluydu ve Sham00k ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2019\/10\/11\/deepfake-celebrity-impresonations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 \u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc videoya deepfake yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kullanarak uygulad\u0131<\/a>. Sonu\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fcleyiciydi.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe class=\"youtube-player\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5rPKeUXjEvE?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;wmode=transparent\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sham00k\u2019un sahne arkas\u0131 videosunun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cvideonun tamam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak, 250 saatin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 1200 saatlik \u00e7ekim, 300.000 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve 1 terabayta yak\u0131n veri\u201d ald\u0131. Bununla birlikte, b\u00f6yle bir video yapmak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011fil. Ancak bu t\u00fcr ikna edici dezenformasyonlar\u0131n, potansiyel olarak piyasalar \u00fczerinde ya da \u00f6rne\u011fin se\u00e7imler \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olabilir; bu da s\u00fcrecin korkutucu derecede kolay ve ucuz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu nedenle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/10\/7\/20902884\/california-deepfake-political-ban-election-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">California, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen videonun yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yla birlikte, se\u00e7im sezonunda siyasi deepfake videolar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131<\/a>. Ancak, sorunlar devam ediyor. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in, genelde deepfake videolar\u0131, politik hiciv gibi bir ifade bi\u00e7imi. California yasa\u011f\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tam olarak sayg\u0131 duymuyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci sorun ise hem teknik hem de pratik: Deepfake bir videoyu ger\u00e7ek bir videodan tam olarak nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edebilirsiniz?<\/p>\n<h2>Deepfake\u2019ler nas\u0131l tespit edilir<\/h2>\n<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenimi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki bilim insanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a reva\u00e7ta olan bir konu; deepfake problemi, bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131n\u0131 bu konuya e\u011filmeye te\u015fvik edecek kadar ilgin\u00e7 ve zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu nedenle \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesi, deepfake tespitinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc analizinin nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Haziran 2018\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan bir makale, <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1806.02877.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">g\u00f6z k\u0131rpma analizinin<\/a>, deepfake videolar\u0131n saptanmas\u0131na nas\u0131l yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Fikir, belirli bir ki\u015finin genelde g\u00f6zlerini k\u0131rpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli say\u0131da foto\u011fraf olmamas\u0131na dayan\u0131yor; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla n\u00f6ral a\u011flar\u0131n e\u011fitimnde bu nokta eksik kal\u0131yor. Makalenin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada deepfake\u2019lerdeki insanlar ger\u00e7ekten de \u00e7ok az g\u00f6z k\u0131rp\u0131yordu. Bu tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit etmek, insanlar i\u00e7in zor olsa da, bilgisayar analizleri yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de sunulan iki makale, <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1811.00656\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">y\u00fcz buru\u015fturma yapmac\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve tutars\u0131z kafa pozlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> dikkate almay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. 2019\u2019da bir di\u011feri ise, bireyin konu\u015fma d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in tipik olan y\u00fcz ifadelerini ve hareketlerini analiz eden karma\u015f\u0131k bir teknik a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, Miller\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi, bu y\u00f6ntemlerin uzun vadede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Bu tarz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey, deepfake i\u00e7erik olu\u015fturucular\u0131na, ayr\u0131mc\u0131 sinir a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak geri bildirim sa\u011flamak ve bunun sonucunda da \u00fcretken a\u011flar\u0131n daha iyi e\u011fitilmesine ve deepfake\u2019leri daha da geli\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak.<\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"category_for_banner\" value=\"kesb-b2b\">\n<h2>Deepfake tehditlerini azaltmak i\u00e7in kurumsal ileti\u015fimi kullanma<\/h2>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen hususlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, deepfake sorununa tamamen teknolojiye dayal\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u015fe yaramayacak gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Ancak ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekler de var. \u00d6zellikle, etkili ileti\u015fimle tehdidi azaltman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u015eirketinizle ilgili bilgileri izlemeniz ve bir dezenformasyon salg\u0131n\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde anlat\u0131y\u0131 kontrol etmeye haz\u0131r olman\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6neriler, Alyssa Miller\u2019\u0131n \u015firketinizi deepfake tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nerilerini \u00f6zetliyor (bu arada, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler di\u011fer PR sorunlar\u0131yla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in de yararl\u0131 olabilir):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u015eirket ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in kanallar\u0131 en aza indirin;<\/li>\n<li>Tutarl\u0131 bilgi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n;<\/li>\n<li>Bir dezenformasyona m\u00fcdahale plan\u0131 geli\u015ftirin (bunlar\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/enterprise-security\/cyber-incident-response-communication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">g\u00fcvenlik vakalar\u0131<\/a> olarak ele al\u0131n);<\/li>\n<li>Merkezi bir izleme ve raporlama birimi organize edin;<\/li>\n<li>Sorumlu mevzuat ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bilgi do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edin;<\/li>\n<li>Saptama ve \u00f6nleme \u00f6nlemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini takip edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deepfake&#8217;ler gitgide yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken ve daha ikna edici hale gelirken i\u015finizi nas\u0131l koruyabilirsiniz?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":421,"featured_media":7901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1726,1194],"tags":[1425,2143,1610,1876,2136,815,990,1424],"class_list":{"0":"post-7900","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-enterprise","8":"category-business","9":"tag-ai","10":"tag-deepfake","11":"tag-makine-ogrenimi","12":"tag-rsa-konferansi","13":"tag-rsa2020","14":"tag-rsac","15":"tag-teknolojiler","16":"tag-yapay-zeka"},"hreflang":[{"hreflang":"tr","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/7900\/"},{"hreflang":"en-in","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.in\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/19524\/"},{"hreflang":"en-ae","url":"https:\/\/me-en.kaspersky.com\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/16101\/"},{"hreflang":"ar","url":"https:\/\/me.kaspersky.com\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/8034\/"},{"hreflang":"en-us","url":"https:\/\/usa.kaspersky.com\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/21133\/"},{"hreflang":"en-gb","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.uk\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/19395\/"},{"hreflang":"es-mx","url":"https:\/\/latam.kaspersky.com\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/17902\/"},{"hreflang":"es","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.es\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/22090\/"},{"hreflang":"it","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.it\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/20885\/"},{"hreflang":"ru","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.ru\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/27678\/"},{"hreflang":"x-default","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/34006\/"},{"hreflang":"pl","url":"https:\/\/plblog.kaspersky.com\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/13176\/"},{"hreflang":"zh","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.cn\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/11237\/"},{"hreflang":"nl","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.nl\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/25139\/"},{"hreflang":"ru-kz","url":"https:\/\/blog.kaspersky.kz\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/21880\/"},{"hreflang":"en-au","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.au\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/27014\/"},{"hreflang":"en-za","url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.co.za\/blog\/rsa2020-deepfakes-mitigation\/26853\/"}],"acf":[],"banners":"","maintag":{"url":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/tag\/rsac\/","name":"RSAC"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/421"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7902,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7900\/revisions\/7902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}